The Black Death, the cause of millions of deaths across Europe in the Middle Ages, is back in the news with Yersinia Pestis recently diagnosed in a person in Texas. However, the plague has always been with us. Prairie dogs in West Texas serve as a natural reservoir, emphasizing why prairie dogs should not be kept as pets. The primary transmission of the disease is through fleas.
Among our companion animals, cats most commonly contract illnesses from Y. pestis. Symptoms in cats include fever, anorexia, weight loss, abscesses, and difficulty breathing, resembling those of a typical sick cat. Fortunately, the plague is not commonly seen this far east, and affected animals respond well to antibiotics.
Y. pestis underscores the importance of practicing good flea control. Many effective products are available for treating fleas on pets, including topical and oral medications. Additionally, various products prevent heartworms in addition to flea control. However, even the best product cannot eliminate every flea on the pet. Our area, akin to Houston, is almost ideal for fleas, perpetuating the cycle of infestation despite treatment efforts.
Environmental control is also crucial. Numerous effective products are available, each with its limitations. For indoor control, regular vacuuming and washing bedding can eliminate a significant portion of flea larvae.
Controlling the outdoor environment poses greater challenges, as squirrels, rodents, stray dogs, and cats all carry fleas. Treating all these sources is impractical, so focusing on yard control is essential. Regular treatment, especially with warmer weather, is vital for effective control.
While the plague is present (albeit uncommon), there is no need for panic. Implementing good flea control measures remains the best defense.
